Background Infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS) is the most common type of severe
epilepsy in infants. However, etiological frequency and optimized therapy, particularly …

Background Hormonal therapy is the treatment of choice in most patients with infantile
spasms, but the optimal way to provide this therapy is unclear. Intramuscular …

Objective Hormonal therapy and vigabatrin are now accepted as the first-line or standard
therapies for West syndrome (WS). However, the superiority of these drugs in terms of …

Objective The limitations of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) treatment for infantile
spasms (ISs), such as high costs, limited availability, and adverse effects (AEs), make it …

Purpose Neonatal hypoglycemic brain injury (NHBI) is being increasingly recognized as an
important cause of drug resistant childhood epilepsy in low resource settings. We report the …

Hormone therapies and vigabatrin are first-line agents in infantile spasms, but more than
one-third of patients fail to respond to these treatments. This was a retrospective study of …

Background: West syndrome is a catastrophic epilepsy syndrome characterized by infantile
spasms, hypsarrhythmia, and developmental arrest or regression. Aim: The aim of this study …

Objectives This report aims to define treatment goals, to summarize the evidence level (EL)
of different treatment options for infantile spasms (IS), both in terms of efficacy and adverse …

Summary Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome (IESS), commonly known as West syndrome,
is the most common cause of infantile-onset epileptic encephalopathy. There is a peculiar …

Purpose To compare the clinical efficacy of high-dose prednisone monotherapy and the
combination of hormone and moderate-dose topiramate (TPM) therapy in children with …