The body condition score (BCS) of a dairy cow is an assessment of the proportion of body fat
that it possesses, and it is recognized by animal scientists and producers as being an …

FEF25–75, forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory
volume in 1 second; FMD, flow-mediated dilatation; FVC, forced vital capacity; GIS …

Why a thoroughly updated and revised second edition of this book about theories of disease
distribution, in past and present societal and ecological context? Because the lived realities …

Background Small birth size may be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular
diseases (CVD), whereas large birth size may predict increased risk of obesity and some …

The relative contribution of genetic and environmental influences to the US black‐white
disparity in cardiovascular disease (CVD) is hotly debated within the public health …

Context Metformin is used in pregnancy in women with gestational diabetes mellitus,
polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and obesity. Metformin passes the placenta. Objective …

Pregestational (PGDM) and gestational (GDM) diabetes may be associated with a variety of
fetal effects including increased rate of spontaneous abortions, intrauterine fetal death …

This paper advances a psychophysiological systems view of pain in which physical injury, or
wounding, generates a complex stress response that extends beyond the nervous system …

Fortification of food with folic acid to reduce the number of neural tube defects was
introduced 10 y ago in North America. Many countries are considering whether to adopt this …

Background Countries worldwide recommend women planning pregnancy to use daily 400
µg of synthetic folic acid in the periconceptional period to prevent birth defects in children …