Astrocytes are essential for the development and homeostatic maintenance of the central
nervous system (CNS). They are also critical players in the CNS injury response during …

Patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) have a high level of fatigue and a reduced quality of
life (QoL) due to the impact of multiple sclerosis (MS). Virtual reality-based therapy (VRBT) is …

Diseases and aging-associated alterations of the nervous system often show sex-specific
characteristics. Glial cells play a major role in the endogenous homeostatic response of …

Objective Little is known about how symptom severity in the various neurologic domains
commonly affected by multiple sclerosis (MS) varies by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Methods …

Background Vaccines offer people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) an effective protection
against severe COVID-19 disease courses. However, representative real-world data on the …

Simple Summary In multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disease of the central nervous
system that primarily affects women, gender differences in disease course and in brain …

This review is a condensed summary of representative articles addressing the sex/gender
bias in multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). The …

In this study, we investigated whether regional distribution of white matter (WM) lesions,
normal-appearing [NA] WM microstructural abnormalities and gray matter (GM) atrophy may …

The palpable observation in the sex bias of disease prevalence in the CNS has fascinated
scientists for several generations. Brain sex dimorphism has been visualized by imaging …

The immunological mechanisms that contribute to multiple sclerosis (MS) differ between
males and females. Females are 2–3 times more likely to develop MS compared to males …