Objectives. Cost-utility analysis in which health benefits are quantified in terms of quality-
adjusted life-years (QALYs) has now become the standard type of cost-effectiveness …

Importance Occult spinal dysraphism (OSD) is the most common congenital spinal anomaly.
Cutaneous anomalies such as skin dimples or deviated gluteal folds are well known as …

Neural tube dysraphisms are congenital anomalies resulting from impaired formation of
structures along the craniospinal axis during central nervous system development. When …

Background Although spinal cord tethering is known to be associated with certain clinical
syndromes and cutaneous stigmata, its incidence in healthy infants with simple sacral …

PURPOSE: Neurovesical dysfunction (NVD) is common in children with anorectal
malformation (ARM). NVD is mainly related to tethered cord or iatrogenic injury but how to …

The prevalence and associated factors of primary tethered cord syndrome (PTCS) in primary
school children were investigated. A cross-sectional study was performed in four …

Structured abstract Background Cloacal exstrophy (CE) is the most severe end of the
Exstrophy-Epispadias Complex malformations spectrum. Improvements in postnatal …

Ultrasonography (US) is the first-line imaging modality for screening neonates and young
infants with suspected spinal abnormalities. Whether performed for a suspicious congenital …

Spinal dysraphisms are categorized in open dysraphisms with prominent abnormal nervous
tissue above the skinlevel and closed dysraphisms with a skin covered malformation …

Neural tube defects are among the most common forms of birth defect, affecting 1 in every
1,000 pregnancies.(1)(2) These defects, which result from abnormal fusion of the neural …