Many large marine predators make excursions from surface waters to the deep ocean below
200 m. Moreover, the ability to access meso-and bathypelagic habitats has evolved …

The ability of diving mammals to forage at depth on a breath hold of air is dependent on gas
exchange, both in the lung and in peripheral tissues. Anatomical and physiological …

Introduction Evolution of extended breath-hold endurance enables the exploitation of the
aquatic niche by numerous mammalian lineages and is accomplished by elevated body …

Marine mammals exhibit multi-level adaptations, from cellular biochemistry to behavior, that
maximize aerobic dive duration. A dive response during aerobic dives enables the efficient …

Pinnipeds rely primarily on oxygen stores in blood and muscles to support aerobic diving;
therefore rapid development of body oxygen stores (TBO 2) is crucial for pups to transition …

SUMMARY A defining physiological capability for air-breathing marine vertebrates is the
amount of oxygen that can be stored in tissues and made available during dives. To …

Despite global declines in the abundance of marine predators, knowledge of foraging
ecology, necessary to predict the ecological consequences of large changes in marine …

To successfully transition from nursing to foraging, phocid seal pups must develop adequate
diving physiology within the limited time between birth and their first independent foraging …

Most animal species experience periods of food deprivation and many periodically forgo
foraging in favor of other activities such as migration and reproduction. Pinnipeds—seals …

Size-and age-specific physiological constraints coupled with inexperience make the
transition to independent foraging in juvenile divers a crucial period with important …