Introduction: Lung cancer and COPD commonly coexist in smokers, and the presence of
COPD increases the risk of developing lung cancer. In addition to smoking cessation and …

Genetic alterations in the PIK3CA gene of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT
pathway have been found in many human tumors, but they have not been explored in …

Lung cancer, of which non‐small‐cell lung cancer comprises the majority, is the leading
cause of cancer‐related deaths in the United States and worldwide. Lung adenocarcinomas …

Introduction: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway plays a crucial role
in the development and progression of lung cancer. We searched for mutations of EGFR …

The development of targeted therapies creates a need to discriminate tumours accurately by
their histological and genetic characteristics. Here, we aim to identify gene expression …

Telomerase reactivation is a hallmark of human carcinogenesis. Increased telomerase
activity may result from gene amplification and/or overexpression. This study evaluates the …

Lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is thought to arise from premalignant lesions in the
airway epithelium; therefore, studying these lesions is critical for understanding lung …

Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Genetic
and epigenetic alterations have been identified frequently in lung cancer, such as promoter …

The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/serine-theronine protein kinase Akt (also known as
protein kinase B (PKB))/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is a vital …

Recent advances in the understanding of the complex biology of non-small cell lung
carcinoma (NSCLC), particularly activation of oncogenes by mutation, translocation and …