Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are highly persistent, manufactured chemicals
used in various manufacturing processes and found in numerous commercial products. With …

Chitosan is a chitin-derived biopolymer that has shown great potential for tissue
regeneration and controlled drug delivery. It has numerous qualities that make it attractive …

Biomineralization is the process by which organisms form mineralized tissues with
hierarchical structures and excellent properties, including the bones and teeth in …

Enamel is the hardest and most resilient tissue in the human body. Enamel includes
morphologically aligned, parallel,∼ 50 nm wide, microns-long nanocrystals, bundled either …

Dental enamel is a principal component of teeth, and has evolved to bear large chewing
forces, resist mechanical fatigue and withstand wear over decades. Functional impairment …

Biomineralization of enamel, dentin, and bone involves the deposition of apatite mineral
crystals within an organic matrix. Bone and teeth are classic examples of biomaterials with …

Human enamel once formed cannot be biologically repaired or replaced. Saliva has a
significant role in remineralization of dental enamel. It not only has a buffering capacity to …

Tooth defect and loss are common clinical diseases in stomatology. With the extension of life
expectancy, there is an increasing demand for tooth tissue and whole tooth regeneration …

In situ regeneration of the enamel‐like structure of hydroxyapatite (HAp) crystals under oral
conditions is significant for dental caries treatment. However, it is still a challenge for dentists …

Background Discoloration of teeth occurs for various reasons. Common ingredients like
substances from tea and coffee, as well as antibiotics like tetracycline, or food dyes, can …