Since the industrial revolution, the rapid growth and development of global industries have
depended largely upon the utilization of coal-derived chemicals, and more recently, the …

Until recently, most of energy and industrially produced chemicals were derived from fossil
fuel-based resources. This along with the continued depletion of finite fossil resources and …

Increases in biodiesel production have led to a surplus of crude glycerol, which represents a
major bottleneck in the biodiesel production chain and has created new challenges to its …

Glycerol is a common by‐product of industrial biodiesel syntheses. Due to its properties,
availability, and versatility, residual glycerol can be used as a raw material in the production …

Biomass can be classified broadly as all the matter on the earth's surface of recent biological
origin. 1 Biomass includes plant materials such as trees, grasses, agricultural crops, algal …

Crude glycerol is a low-value byproduct which is primarily obtained from the biodiesel
production process. Its composition is significantly different from that of pure glycerol. Crude …

Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are a group of carboxylic acids considered as building block
chemicals. Nowadays, commercial production of VFAs is performed using fossil fuel …

The implementation of biorefineries for a cost-effective and sustainable production of energy
and chemicals from renewable carbon sources plays a fundamental role in the transition to a …

The recent start-up of several full-scale 'second generation'ethanol plants marks a major
milestone in the development of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains for fermentation of …

Economically feasible production of conventional bioenergies such as biofuels, biopower
and bioheat is a challenge in biorefineries because they have to compete with inexpensive …