The United States has the highest maternal mortality rates among developed countries, and
cardiovascular disease is the leading cause. Therefore, the American Heart Association has …

Background Rates of preterm birth are substantial with significant inequalities.
Understanding the role of risk factors on the pathway from maternal socioeconomic status …

Background: Unconventional natural gas development has expanded rapidly. In
Pennsylvania, the number of producing wells increased from 0 in 2005 to 3,689 in 2013 …

Findings from studies investigating associations of residential environment with poor birth
outcomes have been inconsistent. In a systematic review and meta-analysis, we examined …

Objectives This study aims to summarize evidence on the relation between neighborhood
deprivation and the risks for preterm birth, small‐for‐gestational age, and stillbirth. Design …

Inequalities in perinatal and maternal outcome persist in women from lower socioeconomic
groups, from specific ethnic groups, and from those living in deprived areas. In view of the …

Many cross-sectional studies of neighbourhood effects on health do not employ strong study
design elements. The Neighbourhood Effects on Health and Well-being (NEHW) study, a …

Background The research question how contextual factors of neighbourhood environments
influence individual health has gained increasing attention in public health research. Both …

Socioeconomic disadvantage (SED) has adverse impacts on physical (Adler and Rehkopf
2008; Blair and Raver 2012; Braverman and Egerter 2008; Cohen et al. 2010; Poulton et al …

We study the effects of prenatal exposure to violent crime on infant health, using New York
City crime records linked to mothers' addresses in birth records data. We address …