The concept of insulin resistance has been around since a few decades after the discovery
of insulin itself. To allude to the classic Charles Dicken's novel published 62 years before the …

Abstract Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are two global epidemics that
share several metabolic defects, such as insulin resistance, impaired glucose metabolism …

Dementia is a permanent illness characterized by mental instability, memory loss, and
cognitive decline. Many studies have demonstrated an association between diabetes and …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a global concern and has become a major public health event
affecting human health. Insulin is a metabolic hormone secreted mainly by the peripheral …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is common and increasing in prevalence worldwide, with
devastating public health consequences. While peripheral insulin resistance is a key feature …

Background Insulin transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly regulated,
saturable process, known to be affected by many peripheral substrates including insulin …

After being discovered over a century ago, insulin was long considered to be a hormone
exclusively produced by the pancreas. Insulin presence was later discovered in the brain …

Since glucose reuptake by neurons is mostly independent of insulin, it has been an
intriguing question whether insulin has or not any roles in the brain. Consequently, the …

The brain is a highly demanding organ, utilizing mainly glucose but also ketone bodies as
sources of energy. Glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1) and monocarboxylates transporter-1 …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by senile plaques
formed by amyloid-beta (Aβ) extracellularly and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formed by …