Cell death is a fundamental biological phenomenon that is essential for the survival and
development of an organism. Emerging evidence also indicates that cell death contributes to …

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a major public health problem and causes a range of diseases
from self-healing infections to chronic disfiguring disease. Currently, there is no vaccine for …

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic, widespread, and neglected disease that affects more than 90
countries in the world. More than 20 Leishmania species cause different forms of …

Infection by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania results in the development of
leishmaniasis, an increasingly prevalent group of diseases affecting over 12 million people …

Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death by an infectious disease worldwide. However, the
involvement of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in immune responses to infection with …

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is caused by different species of the genus Leishmania. Pro-
and anti-inflammatory cytokines play different roles in resistance/susceptibility and the …

Infection is a dynamic biological process underpinned by a complex interplay between the
pathogen and the host. Microbes from all domains of life, including bacteria, viruses, fungi …

Over the past decades the notion of 'inflammation'has been extended beyond the original
hallmarks of rubor (redness), calor (heat), tumor (swelling) and dolor (pain) described by …

Leishmania donovani parasites are the cause of visceral leishmaniasis and are transmitted
by bites from phlebotomine sand flies. A prominent feature of vector-transmitted Leishmania …

Leishmania are protozoan parasites that predominantly reside in myeloid cells within their
mammalian hosts. Monocytes and macrophages play a central role in the pathogenesis of …