Background Endoscopic skull‐base surgery (ESBS) is employed in the management of
diverse skull‐base pathologies. Paralleling the increased utilization of ESBS, the literature in …

The initiation and maintenance of reproductive capacity in humans is dependent on pulsatile
secretion of the hypothalamic hormone GnRH. Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism …

Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is a condition characterized by an absolute or relative deficiency of
adrenal cortisol production. Primary AI (PAI) is rare and is caused by direct adrenal failure …

Growth hormone (GH) research and its clinical application for the treatment of growth
disorders span more than a century. During the first half of the 20th century, clinical …

The genetic basis for combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) is complex, involving
30 genes in a variety of syndromic and nonsyndromic presentations. Molecular diagnosis of …

Purpose Non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) are associated with impaired well-
being, increased comorbidities, and reduced long-term survival. Data on optimal …

The number of patients surviving≥ 5 years after initial cancer diagnosis has significantly
increased during the last decades due to considerable improvements in the treatment of …

Sheehan syndrome or postpartum hypopituitarism is a condition characterized by
hypopituitarism due to necrosis of the pituitary gland. The initial insult is caused by massive …

Neuroendocrinology of bone is a new area of research based on the evidence that pituitary
hormones may directly modulate bone remodeling and metabolism. Skeletal fragility …

The emergence of a novel coronavirus and global pandemic raised the need for the rapid
development of new vaccines to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with Covid …