The spliced form of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1s) is an active transcription factor that
plays a vital role in the unfolded protein response (UPR). Under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) …

Coronary artery disease (CAD) arising from atherosclerosis is a leading cause of death and
morbidity worldwide. The underlying pathogenesis involves an imbalanced lipid metabolism …

Diabetes mellitus is associated to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Hyperglycemia is an important factor in cardiovascular damage, working through different …

Inflammatory cytokines are highly inducible small glycoproteins or regulatory proteins of low
molecular weight secreted by different cell types. They regulate intercellular communication …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a critical organelle for protein synthesis, folding and
modification, and lipid synthesis and calcium storage. Dysregulation of ER functions leads to …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a critical site of protein, lipid, and glucose metabolism,
lipoprotein secretion, and calcium homeostasis. Many of the sensing, metabolizing, and …

There are currently over 1.9 billion people who are obese or overweight, leading to a rise in
related health complications, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional organelle within which protein folding,
lipid biosynthesis, and calcium storage occurs. Perturbations such as energy or nutrient …

The common underlying feature of most neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer
disease (AD), prion diseases, Parkinson disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis …

Obesity, which has developed into a global epidemic, is a risk factor in most chronic
diseases and some forms of malignancy. The discovery of leptin in 1994 has opened a new …