Substance use disorder (SUD) is a chronic, relapsing disease with a highly multifaceted
pathology that includes (but is not limited to) sensitivity to drug-associated cues, negative …

Background and rationale Results from many clinical studies suggest that drug relapse and
craving are often provoked by acute exposure to the self-administered drug or related drugs …

Summary Since 1997 the US National Institute on Drug Abuse has advocated a brain
disease model of addiction (BDMA). We assess the strength of evidence for the BDMA in …

It was suggested in 1986 that cue-induced drug craving in cocaine addicts progressively
increases over the first several weeks of abstinence and remains high for extended periods …

Visual selective attention is the brain function that modulates ongoing processing of retinal
input in order for selected representations to gain privileged access to perceptual …

The publication of the psychomotor stimulant theory of addiction in 1987 and the finding that
addictive drugs increase dopamine concentrations in the rat mesolimbic system in 1988 …

The definition of addiction is explored. Elements of addiction derived from a literature search
that uncovered 52 studies include:(a) engagement in the behavior to achieve appetitive …

Dysregulation of pain neurocircuitry and neurochemistry has been increasingly recognized
as playing a critical role in a diverse spectrum of diseases including migraine, fibromyalgia …

The brain regions and neural processes that underlie addiction overlap extensively with
those that support cognitive functions, including learning, memory, and reasoning. Drug …

Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter that plays a key role in neuropsychiatric illness.
Sex differences in dopaminergic signaling have been acknowledged for decades and have …