Cognitive flexibility, the ability to adjust behavior in response to new and unexpected
conditions in the environment, is essential for adaptation to new challenges and survival …

Acetylcholine, the first chemical to be identified as a neurotransmitter, is packed in synaptic
vesicles by the activity of VAChT (vesicular acetylcholine transporter). A decrease in VAChT …

The ability to directly measure acetylcholine (ACh) release is an essential step toward
understanding its physiological function. Here we optimized the GRABACh (GPCR …

The Cre-loxP system is invaluable for spatial and temporal control of gene knockout,
knockin, and reporter expression in the mouse nervous system. However, we report varying …

Physical exercise is a low-cost, safe, and efficient intervention for the reduction of
neuropathic chronic pain in humans. However, the underlying mechanisms for how exercise …

In Alzheimer's disease, accumulation of soluble oligomers of β-amyloid peptide is known to
be highly toxic, causing disturbances in synaptic activity and neuronal death. Multiple …

Cyanobacterial blooms-produced microcystins are secondary metabolites which can
accumulate in the food chain and contaminate water, thus posing a potential threat to the …

The mouse cerebral cortex contains neurons that express choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)
and are a potential local source of acetylcholine. However, the neurotransmitters released …

Acetylcholine (ACh) is an important neuromodulator in the nervous system implicated in
many forms of cognitive and motor processing. Recent studies have used bacterial artificial …

Loss-of-function mutations of the gene Cul3 have been identified as a risk factor for autism-
spectrum disorder (ASD), but the pathogenic mechanisms are not well understood …