A single layer of epithelial cells lines the small and large intestines and functions as a barrier
between commensal bacteria and the rest of the body. Ligation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) …

Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate
amounts, confer a health benefit on the host, including the gastrointestinal tract. While this …

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a common and often fatal inflammatory disorder affecting
preterm infants that develops upon interaction of indigenous bacteria with the premature …

Components of the commensal flora, including Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, have been
associated with beneficial effects on the host. These beneficial effects include maintenance …

Abstract Background and Aims The topically applied Toll-like receptor 9 [TLR9] agonist
cobitolimod is a first-in-class DNA-based oligonucleotide with demonstrated therapeutic …

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the leading cause of death from gastrointestinal disease in
premature infants and develops partly from an exaggerated intestinal epithelial immune …

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis
(UC) are chronic multifactorial disorders which affect the gastrointestinal tract with variable …

Colonic epithelial cells are constantly exposed to high levels of bacterial DNA in the
intestinal lumen and must recognize and respond appropriately to pathogens, while they …

Accumulating data from animal models indicate that Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is
mediated by a much more complicated mechanism than previously predicted. For example …

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the leading cause of death from gastrointestinal causes in
premature infants, and its overall survival has not improved in the past three decades. While …