SUMMARY β-Lactam antibiotics have been widely used as therapeutic agents for the past
70 years, resulting in emergence of an abundance of β-lactam-inactivating β-lactamases …

Escherichia coli sequence type 131 (ST131) and Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 emerged in
the 2000s as important human pathogens, have spread extensively throughout the world …

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important bacterial pathogen, particularly as a cause of
infections in hospitalised patients, immunocompromised hosts and patients with cystic …

Since antibiotics were first used, each new introduced class has been followed by a global
wave of emergent resistance, largely originating in Europe and North America where they …

The emergence of mutations in nucleic acids is one of the major factors underlying
evolution, providing the working material for natural selection. Most bacteria are haploid for …

Background and Objective: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in human medicine,
affecting large patient populations worldwide. The principal cause of UTIs is uropathogenic …

Since their first description more than 20 years ago, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella
pneumoniae possessing extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamases (ESBLs) continue to …

The term 'extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase'(ESBL), initially 'extended‐broad‐spectrum β‐
lactamase', was first coined for derivatives of TEM and SHV enzymes able to hydrolyse …

Enterobacterales resistant to carbapenems or producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases
(ESBL) and non-fermenters resistant to carbapenems present resistance to many of the …

Escherichia coli ST131emerged during the early to mid-2000s is an important human
pathogen, has spread extensively throughout the world, and is responsible for the rapid …