Arecoline is an alkaloid extracted from betel nut, which has various pharmacological effects.
In the present study, we showed that arecoline aggravated experimental acute ulcerative …

In higher vertebrates, mucosal sites at the border between the internal and external
environments, directly interact with bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Through co-evolution, hosts …

Type 2 immune responses commonly emerge during allergic reactions or infections with
helminth parasites. Most of the cytokines associated with type 2 immune responses are IL-4 …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disease of unknown
etiology. It is characterized by the presence of rheumatoid factor and anticitrullinated peptide …

Stromal cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines play key roles in promoting the
aggressiveness of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC; Basal/Basal-like). In our previous …

Introduction: The immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with inflammatory
bowel disease (IBD) on biologic therapies is not well studied. The goal of this study was to …

Simple Summary Breast cancer progression is prominently regulated by the persistent
presence of inflammatory mediators and by stromal cells that are located in the tumors …

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are defined by the continuous inflammation of the
gastrointestinal tract. During inflammation, the number of pathogens in the intestinal …

Inflammatory bowel diseases are associated with dysregulated immune responses in the
intestinal tissue. Four molecularly identified macrophage subsets control immune …

Abstract T cells, especially CD4+ T helper (Th) cells, play a vital role in the pathogenesis of
specific autoimmune diseases. Naringenin, a citrus flavonoid, exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti …