Cytokines are secreted or membrane-presented molecules that mediate broad cellular
functions, including development, differentiation, growth and survival. Accordingly, the …

Over the past thirty years, the importance of chemokines and their seven-transmembrane G
protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) has been increasingly recognized. Chemokine …

Cytokines mediate cell–cell communication in the immune system and represent important
therapeutic targets,–. A myriad of studies have highlighted their central role in immune …

The structurally and functionally related interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) and IL‐13 cytokines play pivotal
roles in shaping immune activity. The IL‐4/IL‐13 axis is best known for its critical role in T …

Cytokines have long been considered promising cancer immunotherapy agents due to their
endogenous role in activating and proliferating lymphocytes. However, since the initial FDA …

Purpose: Cytokine therapies such as IL2 and IL12 suffer from impractically small therapeutic
windows driven by their on-target, off-tumor activity, limiting their clinical potential despite …

Adaptive immunity provides protection against infectious and malignant diseases. These
effects are mediated by lymphocytes that sense and respond with targeted precision to …

This Special Issue focuses on the evolving role of immune modulatory cytokines, from their
initial use as monotherapeutic recombinant proteins to their more contemporaneous use as …

Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) in the canonical “second generation” format provide two
signals for inducing T cell effector functions; the primary “signal-1” is provided through the …

The leading pathological mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are amyloidosis and
chronic inflammation. The study of new therapeutic drugs of the corresponding action, in …