The CNS is endowed with an elaborated response repertoire termed'neuroinflammation',
which enables it to cope with pathogens, toxins, traumata and degeneration. On the basis of …

The human brain contains more than 100 trillion (1014) synaptic connections, which form all
of its neural circuits. Neuroscientists have long been interested in how this complex synaptic …

Aging is associated with increased prevalence of axonal injuries characterized by poor
regeneration and disability. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In our …

Subsets of rodent neurons are reported to express major histocompatibility complex class I
(MHC-I), but such expression has not been reported in normal adult human neurons. Here …

Many proteins first identified in the immune system are also expressed in the developing
and adult nervous system. Unexpectedly, recent studies reveal that a number of these …

Despite the ability of peripheral nerves to spontaneously regenerate after injury, recovery is
generally very poor. The neurotrophins have emerged as an important modulator of axon …

Peripheral nerve injuries induce a pronounced immune reaction within the spinal cord,
largely governed by microglia activation in both the dorsal and ventral horns. The …

For the nervous system to translate experience into memory and behavior, lasting structural
change at synapses must occur. This requirement is clearly evident during critical periods of …

Using a novel microfluidic chamber that allows the isolation of axons without contamination
by nonaxonal material, we have for the first time purified mRNA from naive, matured CNS …

Although the brain has classically been considered “immune-privileged”, current research
suggests an extensive communication between the immune and nervous systems in both …