Study Design. A population-based cross-sectional multiregion postal survey. Objective. To
provide a descriptive epidemiology of the prevalence and severity of back pain in German …

Authored by experts of international renown, the new edition of The Biomechanics of Back
Pain forms a bridge between the latest research and the effective clinical management of …

Risk factors of low back pain are multifactorial, with many possible etiologies. Multiple risk
factors of low back pain and lower-extremity pain include physical factors, social …

Despite the efforts of the International Association for the Study of Pain [6, 21], confusion still
persists amongst clinicians about the definitions of back pain, referred pain, radicular pain …

Study Design Herniated lumbar disc specimens were obtained from patients undergoing
surgical discectomy for persistent radiculopathy and cultured in vitro to determine whether …

Background Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) was introduced more than
30 years ago as a therapeutic adjunct to the pharmacological management of pain …

Background Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most frequently
prescribed medications worldwide and are widely used for patients with low‐back pain …

Background: Comprehensive, evidence-based guidelines for interventional techniques in
the management of chronic spinal pain are described here to provide recommendations for …

OBJECTIVES: Back pain is the most common reason for filing workers' compensation claims
and often causes lost workdays. Data from the 1988 National Health Interview Survey were …

Background Bed rest and back-extension exercises are often prescribed for patients with
acute low back pain, but the effectiveness of these two competing treatments remains …