Background: The clinical efficacy of fentanyl for pain control differs greatly across
individuals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of CYP3A4* 1G …

In the intensive care unit (ICU) setting, where highly variable and insufficient drug efficacies,
as well as frequent and unpredictable adverse drug reactions (ADRs) occur …

Objective Use of opioids for pain management has increased over the past decade;
however, inadequate analgesic response is common. Genetic variability may be related to …

Aim: To identify clinical and genetic factors associated with outcome of opioid treatment.
Patients & methods: We performed an exploratory analysis in a cohort of 353 patients …

Background Opioid analgesics are frequently prescribed to manage acute and chronic pain,
but individual differences in opioid response make effective pain control in all patients an …

Pharmacogenomics is the study of how genetic differences between individuals affect
pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. These differences are apparent to clinicians …

A current survey and synthesis of the most important findings in our understanding of the
neurobiological mechanisms of addiction is detailed in our Neurobiology of Addiction series …

Despite technical and pharmacological advancements in recent years, including optimized
therapies and personalized medicine, postoperative pain management remains challenging …

Morphine is a widely used analgesic, but its use in clinical precision medicine is limited by
the variance in response among individuals. Although previous studies have shown that …

Editorial Koolen & Van der Rijt given with or without ketoconazole [11]. Despite the modest
increase in fentanyl exposure, ketoconazole resulted in almost complete inhibition of the …