Breathing is a vital rhythmic motor behavior with a surprisingly broad influence on the brain
and body. The apparent simplicity of breathing belies a complex neural control system, the …

Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are specialized extracellular matrix structures that surround
specific neurons in the brain and spinal cord, appear during critical periods of development …

Numerous animal studies have demonstrated that fear acquisition and expression rely on
the coordinated activity of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and amygdala and that theta …

Memory encodes past experiences, thereby enabling future plans. The basolateral
amygdala is a centre of salience networks that underlie emotional experiences and thus has …

Observational fear, a form of emotional contagion, is thought to be a basic form of affective
empathy. However, the neural process engaged at the specific moment when socially …

Generalization is a fundamental cognitive ability of organisms to deal with the uncertainty in
real-world situations. Excessive fear generalization and impaired reward generalization are …

The medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala are involved in the regulation of social behavior
and associated with psychiatric diseases but their detailed neurophysiological mechanisms …

Traumatic events result in vivid and enduring fear memories. Suppressing the retrieval of
these memories is central to behavioral therapies for pathological fear. The medial prefrontal …

Fear extinction is a form of inhibitory learning that suppresses the expression of aversive
memories and plays a key role in the recovery of anxiety and trauma-related disorders …

Patterned coordination of network activity in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) is important for
fear expression. Neuromodulatory systems play an essential role in regulating changes …