Mood disorders are highly prevalent and are the leading cause of disability worldwide. The
neurobiological mechanisms underlying depression remain poorly understood, although …

Although smoking prevalence has declined in recent years, certain subpopulations continue
to smoke at disproportionately high rates and show resistance to cessation treatments …

Tobacco smoking is a serious health problem worldwide and a leading cause of mortality.
Nicotine, the addictive component of tobacco, affects a range of emotional responses …

Tobacco smoking is reputed to be the most difficult addiction of all to give up, and nicotine
has been noted as the major addictive agent in tobacco smoke. However, research shows …

Women are particularly more vulnerable to tobacco use than men. This review proposes a
unifying hypothesis that females experience greater rewarding effects of nicotine and more …

Finding new antidepressant agents is of high clinical priority given that many cases of major
depressive disorder (MDD) do not respond to conventional monoaminergic antidepressants …

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity is reduced in cigarette smokers and this may promote
the reinforcing actions of nicotine, thereby enhancing the addictive properties of cigarettes …

It is well established that the continued intake of drugs of abuse is reinforcing—that is
repeated consumption increases preference. This has been shown in some studies to …

When stress becomes chronic it can trigger lasting brain and behavioral changes including
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). There is conflicting evidence regarding whether …

Objectives GEBR-7b, a potential phosphodiesterase 4D inhibitor, has been shown to have
memory-enhancing effects in rodents. However, it is still unknown whether GEBR-7b also …