Attributable to its late diagnosis, early metastasis, and poor prognosis, pancreatic cancer
remains one of the most lethal diseases worldwide. Unlike other solid tumors, pancreatic …

Chemoresistant metastatic relapse of minimal residual disease plays a significant role for
poor prognosis of cancer. Growing evidence supports a critical role of cancer stem cell …

The maintenance and repair of many adult tissues are ensured by stem cells (SCs), which
reside at the top of the cellular hierarchy of these tissues. Functional assays, such as in vitro …

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been found to play a decisive role in cancer recurrence,
metastasis, and chemo‑, radio‑and immuno‑resistance. Understanding the mechanism of …

The prognosis with pancreatic cancer is among the poorest of any human cancer. One of the
important factors is the tumor hypoxia. Targeting tumor hypoxia is considered a desirable …

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) or tumor initiating cells (TICs) contribute to tumorigenesis,
metastasis, recurrence and chemoresistance. CD133, a pentaspan membrane glycoprotein …

Accumulating lines of experimental evidence have revealed that hypoxia‐inducible factors,
HIF‐1α and HIF‐2α, are key regulators of the adaptation of cancer‐and metastasis‐initiating …

The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis, despite the limitations of the currently available
models and assays, has ushered in a new era of excitement in cancer research. The …

Pancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide and is
characterized by highly hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha …

Numerous studies have demonstrated the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) within solid
tumors. Although the precursor of these cells is not clearly established, recent studies …