Key message Cytokinins are a class of phytohormone that participate in the regulation of the
plant growth, development, and stress response. In this review, the potential regulating …

Plants often live in adverse environmental conditions and are exposed to various stresses,
such as heat, cold, heavy metals, salt, radiation, poor lighting, nutrient deficiency, drought, or …

The phytohormone ethylene regulates multiple aspects of plant growth and development
and responses to environmental stress. However, the exact role of ethylene in freezing …

Plants exhibit a unique developmental flexibility to ever-changing environmental conditions.
To achieve their profound adaptability, plants are able to maintain permanent stem cell …

As sessile organisms, plants have to be able to adapt to a continuously changing
environment. Plants that perceive some of these changes as stress signals activate …

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are group of plant steroidal hormones that modulate developmental
processes and also have pivotal role in stress management. Biosynthesis of BRs takes …

Ethylene is a gaseous plant growth hormone that regulates various plant developmental
processes, ranging from seed germination to senescence. The mechanisms underlying …

The main functions of plant roots are water and nutrient uptake, soil anchorage, and
interaction with soil-living biota. Root hairs, single cell tubular extensions of root epidermal …

Ethylene regulates many aspects of the plant life cycle, including seed germination, root
initiation, flower development, fruit ripening, senescence, and responses to biotic and abiotic …

Phytohormones are natural chemical messengers that play critical roles in the regulation of
plant growth and development as well as responses to biotic and abiotic stress factors …