Coronaviruses (CoVs) constitute a large and diverse subfamily of positive-sense single-
stranded RNA viruses. They are found in many mammals and birds and have great …

Coronaviruses (CoVs) have very large RNA viral genomes with a distinct genomic
architecture of core and accessory open reading frames (ORFs). It is of utmost importance to …

Torovirus (ToV) has recently been classified into the new family Tobaniviridae, although it
belonged to the Coronavirus (CoV) family historically. ToVs are associated with enteric …

With the outbreak of the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-
CoV-2) in 2019, coronaviruses have become a global research hotspot in the field of …

Introduction Calf diarrhea is a significant condition that has a strong effect on the cattle
industry, resulting in huge economic losses annually. Bovine torovirus (BToV), bovine …

Background The aim of this work was to study the prevalence and distribution of Porcine
astrovirus (PAstV), Porcine kobuvirus (PKoV), Porcine torovirus (PToV), Mammalian …

In recent years, nidoviruses have emerged as important respiratory pathogens of reptiles,
affecting captive python populations. In pythons, nidovirus (recently reclassified as …

Nucleotidylylation is a post-transcriptional modification important for replication in the
picornavirus supergroup of RNA viruses, including members of the Caliciviridae …

Nidovirales is one order of RNA virus, with the largest single-stranded positive sense RNA
genome enwrapped with membrane envelope. It comprises four families (Arterividae …

Plus‐stranded RNA viruses replicate in the cytosol of infected cells, in membrane‐bound
replication complexes. We previously identified double membrane vesicles (DMVs) in the …