Vitamins B9 (folate) and B12 are essential water-soluble vitamins that play a crucial role in
the maintenance of one-carbon metabolism: a set of interconnected biochemical pathways …

Neural tube defects are severe congenital malformations affecting around one in every 1000
pregnancies. An innovation in clinical management has come from the finding that closure of …

Spina bifida is a birth defect in which the vertebral column is open, often with spinal cord
involvement. The most clinically significant subtype is myelomeningocele (open spina …

Diet, particularly vitamin deficiency, is associated with the risk of birth defects. The aim of this
review paper is to show the characteristics of common and severe neural-tube defects …

Neural tube defects (NTDs), including spina bifida and anencephaly, are severe birth
defects of the central nervous system that originate during embryonic development when the …

Background Neural tube defects (NTDs) are debilitating birth defects involving the central
nervous system (CNS). Despite recent advances, NTDs represent the second most common …

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are common complex congenital malformations resulting from
failure of the neural tube closure during embryogenesis. It is established that folic acid …

The formation of the embryonic brain and spinal cord begins as the neural plate bends to
form the neural folds, which meet and adhere to close the neural tube. The neural ectoderm …

Spina bifida is the most common congenital defect of the central nervous system which can
portend lifelong disability to those afflicted. While the complete underpinnings of this disease …

The neocortex, the seat of our higher cognitive abilities, has expanded in size during the
evolution of certain mammals such as primates, including humans. This expansion occurs …