A paradigm shift in the understanding of the exhausted CD8+ T cell (Tex) lineage is
underway. Originally thought to be a uniform population that progressively loses effector …

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype characterized by extensive
intra-tumoral heterogeneity, and frequently develops resistance to therapies. Tumor …

The durable response rate to immune checkpoint blockade such as anti-programmed cell
death-1 (PD-1) antibody remains relatively low in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), mainly …

Cancer nanomedicine combined with immunotherapy has become a promising strategy for
treating cancer in terms of safety and potency; however, precise regulation of the activation …

Immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) have failed in all phase III glioblastoma trials. Here, we
found that ICBs induce cerebral edema in some patients and mice with glioblastoma …

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) accumulation in multiple tumor is associated
with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) resistance. However, mechanisms of MDSCs in ICIs …

Immunotherapies like the adoptive transfer of gene-engineered T cells and immune
checkpoint inhibitors are novel therapeutic modalities for advanced cancers. However, some …

Background Response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in ovarian cancer remains
disappointing. Several studies have identified the chemokine CXCL9 as a robust …

The biological determinants of the response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in cancer
remain incompletely understood. Little is known about dynamic biological events that …

Despite the promise of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) for cancer treatment, challenges
associated with this therapy still exist, including low response rates and severe side effects …