The actions of estrogens and related estrogenic molecules are complex and multifaceted in
both sexes. A wide array of natural, synthetic, and therapeutic molecules target pathways …

Abstract 50 New drugs including 36 chemical entities and 14 biologics were approved by
the US Food and Drug Administration during 2021. Among the marketed drugs, 31 new …

The liver performs a multitude of bodily functions, whilst retaining the ability to regenerate
damaged tissue. In this review, we discuss sex steroid biology, regulation of mammalian …

The narrative for this overview focuses on updating the factors that influence skin aging and
the important role estrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) play in …

Purpose Despite considerable advances in recently developed combined oral
contraceptives (COCs), resulting in lower rates of adverse events while maintaining …

Oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) have been used as effective and popular forms of
contraception since the middle of the last century. By 2019, over 150 million reproductive …

The main estrogen, 17β-estradiol (E2), exerts several beneficial vascular actions through
estrogen receptor α (ERα) in endothelial cells. However, the impact of other natural …

Combined oral contraceptives, comprising of both an oestrogen and a progestin component,
are released in aquatic environments and potentially pose a risk to aquatic wildlife by their …

Introduction The evolution of contraception has been crucial for public health and
reproductive well-being. Over the past 60 years, combined oral contraceptives (COCs) have …

Bleeding irregularities are one of the major reasons for discontinuation of oral
contraceptives (OCs), and therefore clinicians need to set expectations during consultations …