Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a classical, pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine. It is also
the first 'adipokine'described to be produced from adipose tissue, regulated in obesity and …

Regulated cell death is a vital and dynamic process in multicellular organisms that maintains
tissue homeostasis and eliminates potentially dangerous cells. Apoptosis, one of the better …

Apoptosis, also named programmed cell death, is a fundament process required for
morphogenetic homeostasis during early development and in pathophysiological …

Since its discovery in 1975, TNFα has been a subject of intense study as it plays significant
roles in both immunity and cancer. Such attention is well deserved as TNFα is unique in its …

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a key driver of several inflammatory diseases, such as
rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and psoriasis, in which affected tissues …

Deciphering the molecular downstream consequences of severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)− 2 infection is important for a greater understanding of …

Anagen stage hair follicles (HFs) exhibit “immune privilege (IP)” from the level of the bulge
downwards to the bulb. Both passive and active IP mechanisms protect HFs from …

Cytokines are proteins secreted in the central nervous system by neurons, microglia,
astrocytes and infiltrating peripheral immune cells under physiological and pathological …

Apoptosis is the elimination of functionally non-essential, neoplastic, and infected cells via
the mitochondrial pathway or death receptor pathway. The process of apoptosis is highly …

Molecules involved in innate immunity affect sleep and circadian oscillators and vice versa.
Sleep-inducing inflammatory molecules are activated by increased waking activity and …