The prefrontal cortex (PFC)—the most evolved brain region—subserves our highest-order
cognitive abilities. However, it is also the brain region that is most sensitive to the detrimental …

Event-related potentials (ERPs) are direct measures of brain activity that can be leveraged
for clinically meaningful research. They can relate robustly both to continuous measures of …

The distinction between processes used to perceive and understand the self and others has
received considerable attention in psychology and neuroscience. Brain findings highlight a …

Emotionally significant experiences tend to be well remembered, and the amygdala has a
pivotal role in this process. But the efficient encoding of emotional memories can become …

Anecdotally, there can be little doubt that sleep plays a role in maintaining a good mood and
cognitive acuity. Sleep deprivation one night followed by “getting a good night's sleep” on …

The brain is the key organ of the response to stress because it determines what is
threatening and, therefore, potentially stressful, as well as the physiological and behavioral …

The circumplex model of affect proposes that all affective states arise from cognitive
interpretations of core neural sensations that are the product of two independent …

Stress begins in the brain and affects the brain, as well as the rest of the body. Acute stress
responses promote adaptation and survival via responses of neural, cardiovascular …

In this review, we report on studies that have assessed the effects of exogenous and
endogenous increases in stress hormones on human cognitive performance. We first …

The mind involves the whole body, and two-way communication between the brain and the
cardiovascular, immune, and other systems via neural and endocrine mechanisms. Stress is …