Cancer development and its response to therapy are regulated by inflammation, which
either promotes or suppresses tumor progression, potentially displaying opposing effects on …

Immune checkpoints consist of inhibitory and stimulatory pathways that maintain self-
tolerance and assist with immune response. In cancer, immune checkpoint pathways are …

The immune system is a very diverse system of the host that evolved during evolution to
cope with various pathogens present in the vicinity of environmental surroundings inhabited …

In recent years, a lot of scientific interest has focused on cancer immunotherapy. Although
chronic inflammation has been described as one of the hallmarks of cancer, acute …

Over the past decade, preclinical and clinical research have confirmed the essential role of
interferons for effective host immunological responses to malignant cells. Type I interferons …

Abstract Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which serve as a bridge between innate and adaptive
immunity, may be viable treatment targets. TLRs are the first line of defense against …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the pattern recognition receptors, which are activated by
foreign and host molecules in order to initiate the immune response. They play a crucial role …

Intratumoral immunotherapies aim to trigger local and systemic immunologic responses via
direct injection of immunostimulatory agents with the goal of tumor cell lysis, followed by …

Malignant cancers employ diverse and intricate immune evasion strategies, which lead to
inadequately effective responses of many clinical cancer therapies. However, emerging data …

Simple Summary Here, we review the current state of knowledge in the field of cancer
immunotherapy, focusing on the scientific rationale for the use of oncolytic viruses …