Smoking a cigarette generates over 4000 chemicals that have a deleterious impact on each
part of the human body. It produces three main severe effects on the liver organ: oncogenic …

Therapeutic vaccination offers great promise as an intervention for a diversity of infectious
and non‐infectious conditions. Given that most chronic health conditions are thought to have …

Malaria fever has been pervasive for quite a while in tropical developing regions causing
high morbidity and mortality. The causal organism is a protozoan parasite of genus …

Established animal cells, such as Vero, Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) or chicken
embryo fibroblasts (CEFs), are still the main cell lines used for viral vaccine production …

Vaccines offer a promising therapeutic strategy to treat substance use disorders (SUD).
Vaccines have shown extensive preclinical proof of selectivity, safety, and efficacy against …

Nicotine is the primary pharmacologic component of tobacco, and users of tobacco products
seek out its effects. The highly addictive nature of nicotine is responsible for its widespread …

Today, vaccinologists have come to understand that the hallmark of any protective immune
response is the antigen. However, it is not the whole antigen that dictates the immune …

Innovative breakthroughs in nanotechnology are having a substantial impact in healthcare,
especially for brain diseases where effective therapeutic delivery systems are desperately …

Immunotherapeutic vaccines to drugs of abuse, including nicotine, cocaine, heroin,
oxycodone, methamphetamine, and others are being developed. The theoretical basis of …

Background Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by dimorphic Leishmania species is a
parasitic disease with high socioeconomic burden in endemic areas worldwide. Sustaining …