Dying mammalian cells emit numerous signals that interact with the host to dictate the
immunological correlates of cellular stress and death. In the absence of reactive antigenic …

Follicular helper T (TFH) cells provide help to B cells, supporting the formation of germinal
centres that allow affinity maturation of antibody responses. Although usually located in …

The immune deficiency (IMD) pathway directs host defense in arthropods upon bacterial
infection. In Pancrustacea, peptidoglycan recognition proteins sense microbial moieties and …

Summary In the United States, arthritis is the major late manifestation of Lyme disease,
usually beginning months after the tick bite. However, because of greater recognition and …

Patients who have Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) might experience lingering symptoms that
persist despite antibiotic drug therapy. We tested whether those symptoms are caused by …

The controversy regarding the underlying mechanisms of PTLDs and the increasingly bitter
debate over CLD, continues unabated over the past years. If anything, it has become more …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can have various infectious mimics. As immunosuppressive
agents used in treatment can aggravate the underlying infections, correct diagnosis of RA …

Lyme disease is caused by the bacterial pathogen Borrelia burgdorferi, which can be readily
modeled in laboratory mice. In order to understand the cellular and transcriptional changes …

Lyme disease (LD), the most prevalent tick-borne disease of humans in the Northern
Hemisphere, is caused by the spirochetal bacterium of Borreliella burgdorferi (Bb) sensu …

The Lyme disease bacterial pathogen, Borrelia burgdorferi, establishes a long-term infection
inside its mammalian hosts. Despite the continued presence of the bacteria in animal …