Evolution is the hallmark of life. Descriptions of the evolution of microorganisms have
provided a wealth of information, but knowledge regarding “what happened” has precluded …

The incidence and prevalence of ulcerative colitis (UC) has been reported to be rising in
newly industrialised regions, such as Latin America. Here, we review data from published …

Purpose Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are inflammatory bowel diseases
(IBDs) with multifactorial causes. They are becoming more prevalent in developing countries …

Aims Inflammatory bowel disease is recurrent inflammation that affects the gastrointestinal
tract causing changes in intestinal motility. The evolution of these changes is not completely …

The objective of this review is to provide recent evidence for the oral–gut axis connection
and to discuss gastrointestinal (GI) immune response, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) …

Purpose Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a disease of increasing prevalence in
developing countries. Obesity has emerged as a potential risk for IBD; however, the data in …

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic and recurrent diseases that often occur in
young people and place a heavy burden on public health in both developed and developing …

Pharmacy practice has changed significantly lately. The professionals have the chance to
contribute straightforwardly to patient consideration so as to lessen morbimortality identified …

Introduction Immune-mediated liver and gastrointestinal diseases are chronic conditions that
lack curative treatments. Despite advances in the understanding and treatment of these …

Purpose Surgery impairs immune function and increases postoperative complications.
B7H3, a co-stimulatory molecule, plays a crucial role in immune regulation. The present …