Quantitative studies of fossil data have proven critical to a number of major
macroevolutionary and macroecological discoveries, such as the 'Big 5'mass extinctions of …

Background During the growth of complex multicellular organisms, chronological age, size
and morphology change together in a hierarchical and coordinated pattern. Among extinct …

Asteracanthus was one of the most common Mesozoic hybodontiform chondrichthyans,
given that remains traditionally referred to this genus have been reported almost worldwide …

The morphology of paired fins is commonly overlooked in morphological studies, particularly
the pelvic girdle and fins. Consequently, previous phylogenetic studies incorporating …

The lifelong tooth replacement in elasmobranch fishes (sharks, rays and skates) has led to
the assemblage of a great number of teeth from fossil and extant species, rendering tooth …

The geographic ranges in which species live is a function of many factors underlying
ecological and evolutionary contingencies. Observing the geographic range of an individual …

Reconstructing the living environment of extinct vertebrates is often challenging due to the
lack of proxies. We propose a new proxy to the living environment based on the combined …

Temporal changes in the diversity of euselachians (eg, sharks and rays) across the
Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary are not well understood, particularly from …

Each time a fossilized creature with legs is found mingled with fossil sea creatures, a new
quandary for evolutionary history presents itself. When the same situation surfaces many …