In response to a wide range of stimulations, host cells activate pyroptosis, a kind of
inflammatory cell death which is provoked by the cytosolic sensing of danger signals and …

Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent, self-renewal mechanism that can degrade and recycle
cellular components in eukaryotic cells to maintain the stability of the intracellular …

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by the gradual buildup of
plaques within the vessel wall of middle-sized and large arteries. The occurrence and …

Pyroptosis, a newly discovered form of programmed cell death, is characterized by cell
swelling, the protrusion of large bubbles from the plasma membrane and cell lysis. This …

Irisin protects the cardiovascular system against vascular diseases. However, its role in
chronic kidney disease (CKD)-associated vascular calcification (VC) and the underlying …

Estrogen is an essential sex steroid hormone that functions primarily in female reproductive
system, as well as in a variety of tissues and organs with pleiotropic effects, such as in …

Homocysteine (Hcy) is an intermediate amino acid formed during the conversion from
methionine to cysteine. When the fasting plasma Hcy level is higher than 15 μmol/L, it is …

Different blood flow patterns in the arteries can alter the adaptive phenotype of vascular
endothelial cells (ECs), thereby affecting the functions of ECs and are directly associated …

Background and aim Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of programmed cell death
implicated in inflammation and disease. Moreover, inducing pyroptosis has been …

Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease distinguished by ectopic endometrium and
fibrosis. NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis are present in endometriosis. Aberrant …