Depression, a severe psychiatric disorder, has been studied for decades, but the underlying
mechanisms still remain largely unknown. Depression is closely associated with alterations …

Psychostimulants such as cocaine have been used as performance enhancers throughout
recorded history. Although psychostimulants are commonly prescribed to improve attention …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a significant cause of death and disability in
industrialized countries. Of particular importance to patients the chronic effect that TBI has on …

Schizophrenia is a complex disorder, where family, twin and adoption studies have been
demonstrating a high heritability of the disease and that this disease is not simply defined by …

Individuals addicted to drugs of abuse such as alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, and heroin are a
significant burden on healthcare systems all over the world. The positive reinforcing …

A growing body of evidence indicates that repeated exposure to cocaine leads to profound
changes in glutamate transmission in limbic nuclei, particularly the nucleus accumbens. This …

Our previous studies of DARPP-32 in striatal slices have shown that activation of D1
receptors leads to cAMP-dependent dephosphorylation of Thr-75, the Cdk5 site in DARPP …

Dopamine-glutamate interactions in the neostriatum determine psychostimulant action, but
the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here we found that dopamine …

Epidemiological studies reveal that individuals who engage in regular aerobic exercise are
less likely to use and abuse illicit drugs. Until recently, very few studies had examined the …

In the striatum, dopamine D1 receptors are preferentially expressed in striatonigral neurons,
and increase the neuronal excitability, leading to the increase in GABAergic inhibitory output …