Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) constitutes the most common liver disease
worldwide, and is frequently linked to the metabolic syndrome. The latter represents a …

The negative socioeconomic impact of mental health disorders and skin diseases has
increased in part due to the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, which has been a fertile …

Emotional stress is considered a severe pathogenetic factor of psychiatric disorders.
However, the circuit mechanisms remain largely unclear. Using a three-chamber vicarious …

Mental disorders are highly comorbid and occur together with physical diseases, which are
often considered to arise from separate pathogenic pathways. We observed in alcohol …

Findings from animal experiments are often difficult to transfer to humans. In this perspective
article I discuss two questions. First, why are the results of animal experiments often so …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous
system (CNS). Anxiety and depression are the most common psychiatric comorbidities of …

Psychoactive drugs with addiction potential are widely used by people of virtually all cultures
in a non-addictive way. In order to understand this behaviour, its population penetrance, and …

Despite decades of research, the precise etiology of schizophrenia is not fully understood.
Ample evidence indicates that the disorder derives from a complex interplay of genetic and …

Background Kratom is a psychoactive plant preparation originating from Southeast Asia. It
has been used as a recreational and performance drug in Southeast Asia, and is now …

Background Oxidative stress and chronic inflammatory states triggered by a single‐
nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in superoxide dismutase manganese‐dependent gene …