Cognitive and behavioural flexibility permit the appropriate adjustment of thoughts and
behaviours in response to changing environmental demands. Brain mechanisms enabling …

Major depression is a leading contributor to the global burden of disease. This situation is
mainly related to the chronicity and/or recurrence of the disorder, and to poor response to …

Humans require a plethora of higher cognitive skills to perform executive functions, such as
reasoning, planning, language and social interactions, which are regulated predominantly …

People with damage to the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) have specific problems making
decisions, whereas their other cognitive functions are spared. Neurophysiological studies …

The outcome of a decision is often uncertain, and outcomes can vary over repeated
decisions. Whether decision outcomes should substantially affect behaviour and learning …

Alcohol consumption and stress increase brain levels of known innate immune signaling
molecules. Microglia, the innate immune cells of the brain, and neurons respond to alcohol …

Rat orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is located in the dorsal bank of the rhinal sulcus, and is
divided into the medial orbital area, ventral orbital area, ventrolateral orbital area, lateral …

While memories are often thought of as flashbacks to a previous experience, they do not
simply conserve veridical representations of the past but must continually integrate new …

The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and its abundant connections with other brain regions
play key roles in memory, cognition, decision making, social behaviors, and mood …

Binge drinking (BD) is a public health concern with serious implications for brain
development. This review is the first in which neuropsychological studies of healthy young …