In mammals, DNA methylation in the form of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) can be actively
reversed to unmodified cytosine (C) through TET dioxygenase-mediated oxidation of 5mC to …

RNA modifications are emerging players in the field of post-transcriptional regulation of
gene expression, and are attracting a comparable degree of research interest to DNA and …

Over 17 and 160 types of chemical modifications have been identified in DNA and RNA,
respectively. The interest in understanding the various biological functions of DNA and RNA …

The “epigenetics” concept was first described in 1942. Thus far, chemical modifications on
histones, DNA, and RNA have emerged as three important building blocks of epigenetic …

Bisulfite sequencing is a powerful technique to detect 5-methylcytosine in DNA that has
immensely contributed to our understanding of epigenetic regulation in plants and animals …

Formylcytosine (5fC) is a rare base found in mammalian DNA and thought to be involved in
active DNA demethylation. Here, we show that developmental dynamics of 5fC levels in …

Chemical modifications of DNA have been recognized as key epigenetic mechanisms for
maintenance of the cellular state and memory. Such DNA modifications include canonical 5 …

Epitranscriptome modifications are required for structure and function of RNA and defects in
these pathways have been associated with human disease. Here we identify the RNA target …

The discovery that ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins are α-ketoglutarate-dependent
dioxygenases involved in the conversion of 5-methylcytosines (5-mC) to 5 …

Gut microbiota communities have coevolved for millions of years in a symbiotic relationship
with their mammalian hosts. Elucidating and understanding the molecular mechanisms by …