Abstract The modified base 5-formylcytosine (5fC) was recently identified in mammalian
DNA and might be considered to be the'seventh'base of the genome. This nucleotide has …

Active DNA demethylation in mammals involves TET-mediated iterative oxidation of 5-
methylcytosine (5mC)/5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and subsequent excision repair of …

Chemically modified bases exist naturally in genomic DNA. Research into these bases has
been invigorated by the discovery of several modified bases in the mammalian genome, in …

The precise mapping and quantification of the numerous RNA modifications that are present
in tRNAs, rRNAs, ncRNAs/miRNAs, and mRNAs remain a major challenge and a top priority …

The discovery of epigenetic bases has revolutionised the understanding of disease and
development. Among the most studied epigenetic marks are cytosines covalently modified at …

In higher organisms, all cells share the same genome, but every cell expresses only a
limited and specific set of genes that defines the cell type. During cell division, not only the …

In situ generation of 5-formylcytosine (5fC) in nucleosome core particles (NCPs) reveals that
5fC leads to essential DNA–protein cross-links (DPCs). Mechanistic studies using chemical …

Ten eleven translocation (Tet) proteins oxidize 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-
hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). 5fC …

Individual DNA molecules can be read at single nucleotide precision using nanopores
coupled to processive enzymes. Discrimination among the four canonical bases has been …

DNA modification is one of the most widely studied epigenetic modifications in high
eukaryotic systems. Modified DNA bases impact gene regulation beyond the primary DNA …