Our concepts of sound localization in the vertebrate brain are widely based on the general
assumption that both the ability to detect air-borne sounds and the neuronal processing are …

Spatial hearing, and more specifically the ability to localize sounds in space, is one of the
most studied and best understood aspects of hearing. Because there is no coding of …

The integration of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs is fundamental to neuronal
processing. In the mammalian auditory brainstem, neurons compare excitatory and …

The assembly of uniquely organized sound localization circuits in the brainstem requires
precise developmental mechanisms. Glial cells have been shown to shape synaptic …

Sound localization critically depends on detection of differences in arrival time of sounds at
the two ears (acoustic delay). The fundamental mechanisms are debated, but all proposals …

In contrast to traditional viewpoint that positive feedback current always enhances neural
firing activities, in the present paper, we identify that the excitatory feedback current …

Precise timing of synaptic inputs is a fundamental principle of neural circuit processing. The
temporal precision of postsynaptic input integration is known to vary with the computational …

The calyx of Held is the preeminent model for the study of synaptic function in the
mammalian CNS. Despite much work on the synapse and associated circuit, its role in …

Many mammals, including humans, are exquisitely sensitive to tiny time differences between
sounds at the two ears. These interaural time differences are an important source of …

The change of firing rates depends on how synaptic features interact with intrinsic properties
of cells in neural system. Considering the chemical synaptic features, we design a …