In recent years, the proportion of organic and inorganic contaminants has increased rapidly
due to growing human interference and represents a threat to ecosystems. The removal of …

The worldwide increase in human population raises a big threat to the food security of each
people as the land for agriculture is limited and even getting reduced with time. Therefore, it …

Unprecedented bioaccumulation and biomagnification of heavy metals (HMs) in the
environment have become a dilemma for all living organisms including plants. HMs at toxic …

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form a symbiotic relationship with plants; a symbiotic
relationship is one in which both partners benefit from each other. Fungi benefit plants by …

Trace metals such as manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) are essential
for many biological processes in plant life cycles. However, in excess, they can be toxic and …

Cadmium (Cd) contamination of rice is found in areas irrigated by wastewater from mines.
Cd contamination of rice fields can also result from the application of Cd-rich phosphate …

Heavy metals are often present naturally in soils, but many human activities (eg mining,
agriculture, sewage processing, the metal industry and automobiles) increase their …

Water scarcity and high input costs have compelled farmers to use untreated wastewater
and industrial effluents to increase profitability of their farms. Normally, these effluents …

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most readily absorbed and rapidly translocated heavy metal in
soil-plants systems. Aquatic plant species play an important role in the removal of Cd from …

In the present scenario, the uncontrolled and irrational use of pesticides is affecting the
environment, agriculture and livelihood worldwide. The excessive application of pesticides …