Venous abnormalities contribute to the pathophysiology of several neurological conditions.
This paper reviews the literature regarding venous abnormalities in multiple sclerosis (MS) …

The classic isoforms of myelin basic protein (MBP, 14–21.5 kDa) are essential to formation
of the multilamellar myelin sheath of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). The …

Background The role of the extracranial venous system in the pathology of central nervous
system (CNS) disorders and aging is largely unknown. It is acknowledged that the …

Purpose To investigate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics in the aqueduct of Sylvius (AoS)
in chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI)‐positive and‐negative healthy …

The evidence that hypoxia is a precipitating factor in causing early MS lesions includes
increased protein levels of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α; presence of the D‐110 hypoxia …

The extra-cranial venous system is complex and not well studied in comparison to the
peripheral venous system. A newly proposed vascular condition, named chronic …

Although iron is known to be essential for the normal development and health of the central
nervous system, abnormal iron deposits are found in and around multiple sclerosis (MS) …

Objective Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease of the CNS.
Recently a controversial vascular hypothesis for MS, termed chronic cerebrospinal venous …

Background The retinal microcirculation has been studied in various diseases including
multiple sclerosis (MS). However, inter-eye correlations and potential differences of the …

OBJECTIVE. Chronic cerebrospinal vascular insufficiency is a proposed condition of
intraluminal stenosis of the internal jugular vein (IJV) that impedes venous flow from the …