Metabolic homeostasis in mammals is tightly regulated by the complementary actions of
insulin and glucagon. The secretion of these hormones from pancreatic β-cells and α-cells …

Insulin and glucagon exert opposing effects on glucose metabolism and, consequently,
pancreatic islet β-cells and α-cells are considered functional antagonists. The intra-islet …

The evolution of glucagon has seen the transition from an impurity in the preparation of
insulin to the development of glucagon receptor agonists for use in type 1 diabetes. In type 2 …

The mammalian target of rapamycin, mTOR is the master regulator of a cell's growth and
metabolic state in response to nutrients, growth factors and many extracellular cues. Its …

Background The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been
increasing rapidly. It is nowadays recognized as the most frequent liver disease, affecting a …

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) communicates nutrient intake from the
gut to islets, enabling optimal levels of insulin secretion via the GIP receptor (GIPR) on β …

Hundred years after the discovery of glucagon, its biology remains enigmatic. Accurate
measurement of glucagon has been essential for uncovering its pathological hypersecretion …

Metabolic fuels regulate insulin secretion by generating second messengers that drive
insulin granule exocytosis, but the biochemical pathways involved are incompletely …

Paracrine interactions between pancreatic islet cells have been proposed as a mechanism
to regulate hormone secretion and glucose homeostasis. Here, we demonstrate the …

Glucagon is secreted from the pancreatic alpha cells upon hypoglycemia and stimulates
hepatic glucose production. Type 2 diabetes is associated with dysregulated glucagon …