Since nuclear factor of κ‐light chain of enhancer‐activated B cells (NF‐κB) was discovered
in 1986, extraordinary efforts have been made to understand the function and regulating …

Abstract Phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)
signaling pathway is one of the most important proliferative signaling pathways with critical …

ROS include hydroxyl radicals (HO.), superoxide (O2..), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
ROS are typically produced under physiological conditions and play crucial roles in living …

Tumour angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels to support the growth of a
tumour. This process is critical for tumour progression and metastasis, making it an attractive …

Tumor immunotherapy, as the focus of scientific research and clinical tumor treatment in
recent years, has received extensive attention. Due to its remarkable curative effect and …

Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) are the key regulators of vasculogenesis in
normal and oncological development. VEGF-A is the most studied angiogenic factor …

Transcription factor NF-κB has been extensively studied for its varied roles in cancer
development since its initial characterization as a potent retroviral oncogene. It is now clear …

The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is a multiligand binding and
single-pass transmembrane protein which actively participates in several chronic …

Background Angiogenesis plays an important role in the occurrence, development and
metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). According to previous studies, miR-378a …

Si-Miao-Yong-An decoction (SMYAD), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, is mainly
used to clear away heat and detoxify and to promote blood circulation and relieve pain …