Water, a necessary component of cell protoplasm, plays an essential role in supporting life
on Earth; nevertheless, extreme changes in climatic conditions limit water availability …

Crops aimed at feeding an exponentially growing population are often exposed to a variety
of harsh environmental factors. Although plants have evolved ways of adjusting their …

Salt stress is one of the significant environmental stressors that severely affects plant growth
and development. Plant responses to salt stress involve a series of biological mechanisms …

Soil salinity is the major abiotic stress that disrupts nutrient uptake, hinders plant growth, and
threatens agricultural production. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are the most …

The spread of heavy metal (loid) s at soil-food crop interfaces has become a threat to
sustainable agricultural productivity, food security, and human health. The eco-toxic effects …

The fungi species dwelling in the rhizosphere of crop plants, revealing functions that
endeavor sustainability of the plants, are commonly referred to as 'plant-growth-promoting …

Land that has little to no utility for agriculture or industry is considered marginal land. This
kind of terrain is frequently found on the edge of deserts or other arid regions. The amount of …

Growth and productivity of crop plants worldwide are often adversely affected by
anthropogenic and natural stresses. Both biotic and abiotic stresses may impact future food …

Cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) are two of the most toxic metals, wreaking havoc on human
health and agricultural output. Furthermore, high levels of Cd and Ni in the soil environment …

In recent times, the demand for food and feed for the ever-increasing population has
achieved unparalleled importance, which cannot afford crop yield loss. Now-a-days, the …