A new type of cow's milk, called A2 milk, has appeared in the dairy aisles of supermarkets in
recent years. Cows' milk generally contains two major types of beta-casein as A1 and A2 …

The genetic variant A2 β-casein integrates the casein protein group in milk and has been
often associated with positive health outcomes. Therefore, this review explores the present …

Genetic variants of milk proteins have attracted great interest for decades as they are related
to important issues such as the composition and technological properties of milk. More …

The ability to accurately and cost-effectively distinguish between different genetic protein
variants in milk is of pivotal significance to the dairy industry as the natural proteoforms of …

Cow's milk is an important source of proteins in human nutrition. On average, cow's milk
contains 3.5% protein. The most abundant proteins in bovine milk are caseins and some of …

The release of β-casomorphin-7 (BCM-7) in bovine milk with β-casein genetic variants A 1, A
2, F and I was assessed. An ex vivo gastrointestinal (GI) digestion model was applied and …

Infant formulations are constantly evolving as novel protein ingredients are added to make
them more closely mimic the protein profile of human milk; however, precise analytical …

The authentication of food is an urgent concern owing to the increasing population and
direct consequences of food on public health. Food authentication using DNA and omics …

The objective of this study was to determine the β-CN phenotypes in cow milk collected from
HF and cross-bred HF dairy cattle in Phu Dong, Vietnam. In total, 85 samples of raw milk …

Bovine β-casein is a highly polymorphic protein, with A1 and A2 representing the most
frequent variants identified in Western cattle breeds. Depending on the presence of histidine …